diff --git a/lib/jasmine-core/jasmine.js b/lib/jasmine-core/jasmine.js
index 9a528ddd..738d5a44 100644
--- a/lib/jasmine-core/jasmine.js
+++ b/lib/jasmine-core/jasmine.js
@@ -774,7 +774,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().Spec = function(j$) {
   function Spec(attrs) {
     this.expectationFactory = attrs.expectationFactory;
     this.asyncExpectationFactory = attrs.asyncExpectationFactory;
-    this.setTimeout = attrs.setTimeout;
     this.id = attrs.id;
     this.filename = attrs.filename;
     this.parentSuiteId = attrs.parentSuiteId;
@@ -858,87 +857,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().Spec = function(j$) {
     }
   };
 
-  Spec.prototype.execute = function(
-    runQueue,
-    globalErrors,
-    onStart,
-    // TODO: may be able to merge resultCallback into onComplete
-    resultCallback,
-    onComplete,
-    excluded,
-    failSpecWithNoExp,
-    detectLateRejectionHandling
-  ) {
-    const start = {
-      fn: done => {
-        this.executionStarted();
-        onStart(done);
-      }
-    };
-
-    const complete = {
-      fn: done => {
-        this.executionFinished(excluded, failSpecWithNoExp);
-        resultCallback(this.result, done);
-      },
-      type: 'specCleanup'
-    };
-
-    const fns = this.beforeAndAfterFns();
-
-    const runnerConfig = {
-      isLeaf: true,
-      queueableFns: [...fns.befores, this.queueableFn, ...fns.afters],
-      onException: e => this.handleException(e),
-      onMultipleDone: () => {
-        // Issue a deprecation. Include the context ourselves and pass
-        // ignoreRunnable: true, since getting here always means that we've already
-        // moved on and the current runnable isn't the one that caused the problem.
-        this.onLateError(
-          new Error(
-            'An asynchronous spec, beforeEach, or afterEach function called its ' +
-              "'done' callback more than once.\n(in spec: " +
-              this.getFullName() +
-              ')'
-          )
-        );
-      },
-      onComplete: () => {
-        if (this.result.status === 'failed') {
-          onComplete(new j$.StopExecutionError('spec failed'));
-        } else {
-          onComplete();
-        }
-      },
-      userContext: this.userContext(),
-      runnableName: this.getFullName.bind(this)
-    };
-
-    if (this.markedPending || excluded === true) {
-      runnerConfig.queueableFns = [];
-    }
-
-    runnerConfig.queueableFns.unshift(start);
-
-    if (detectLateRejectionHandling) {
-      // Conditional because the setTimeout imposes a significant performance
-      // penalty in suites with lots of fast specs.
-      runnerConfig.queueableFns.push({
-        fn: done => {
-          // setTimeout is necessary to trigger rejectionhandled events
-          // TODO: let clearStack know about this so it doesn't do redundant setTimeouts
-          this.setTimeout(function() {
-            globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections();
-            done();
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
-    runnerConfig.queueableFns.push(complete);
-
-    runQueue(runnerConfig);
-  };
-
   Spec.prototype.reset = function() {
     /**
      * @typedef SpecResult
@@ -1027,6 +945,8 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().Spec = function(j$) {
     this.pend(message);
   };
 
+  // TODO: ensure that all access to result goes through .getResult()
+  // so that the status is correct.
   Spec.prototype.getResult = function() {
     this.result.status = this.status();
     return this.result;
@@ -11151,7 +11071,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().SuiteBuilder = function(j$) {
       const config = this.env_.configuration();
       const suite = this.currentDeclarationSuite_;
       const parentSuiteId = suite === this.topSuite ? null : suite.id;
-      const global = j$.getGlobal();
       const spec = new j$.Spec({
         id: 'spec' + this.nextSpecId_++,
         filename,
@@ -11159,7 +11078,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().SuiteBuilder = function(j$) {
         beforeAndAfterFns: beforeAndAfterFns(suite),
         expectationFactory: this.expectationFactory_,
         asyncExpectationFactory: this.specAsyncExpectationFactory_,
-        setTimeout: global.setTimeout.bind(global),
         onLateError: this.onLateError_,
         getPath: spec => this.getSpecPath_(spec, suite),
         description: description,
@@ -11518,6 +11436,7 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().TreeProcessor = function(j$) {
 getJasmineRequireObj().TreeRunner = function(j$) {
   class TreeRunner {
     #executionTree;
+    #setTimeout;
     #globalErrors;
     #runableResources;
     #reportDispatcher;
@@ -11530,6 +11449,7 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().TreeRunner = function(j$) {
     constructor(attrs) {
       this.#executionTree = attrs.executionTree;
       this.#globalErrors = attrs.globalErrors;
+      this.#setTimeout = attrs.setTimeout || setTimeout.bind(globalThis);
       this.#runableResources = attrs.runableResources;
       this.#reportDispatcher = attrs.reportDispatcher;
       this.#runQueue = attrs.runQueue;
@@ -11574,31 +11494,103 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().TreeRunner = function(j$) {
             if (node.suite) {
               this.#executeSuiteSegment(node.suite, node.segmentNumber, done);
             } else {
-              this.#executeSpec(node.spec, done);
+              this._executeSpec(node.spec, done);
             }
           }
         };
       });
     }
 
-    #executeSpec(spec, done) {
-      const config = this.#getConfig();
-      spec.execute(
-        this.#runQueueWithSkipPolicy.bind(this),
-        this.#globalErrors,
-        next => {
-          this.#currentRunableTracker.setCurrentSpec(spec);
-          this.#runableResources.initForRunable(spec.id, spec.parentSuiteId);
-          this.#reportDispatcher.specStarted(spec.result).then(next);
-        },
-        (result, next) => {
-          this.#specComplete(spec).then(next);
-        },
-        done,
-        this.#executionTree.isExcluded(spec),
-        config.failSpecWithNoExpectations,
-        config.detectLateRejectionHandling
+    // Only exposed for testing.
+    _executeSpec(spec, specOverallDone) {
+      const onStart = next => {
+        this.#currentRunableTracker.setCurrentSpec(spec);
+        this.#runableResources.initForRunable(spec.id, spec.parentSuiteId);
+        this.#reportDispatcher.specStarted(spec.result).then(next);
+      };
+      const resultCallback = (result, next) => {
+        this.#specComplete(spec).then(next);
+      };
+      const queueableFns = this.#specQueueableFns(
+        spec,
+        onStart,
+        resultCallback
       );
+
+      this.#runQueueWithSkipPolicy({
+        isLeaf: true,
+        queueableFns,
+        onException: e => spec.handleException(e),
+        onMultipleDone: () => {
+          // Issue an erorr. Include the context ourselves and pass
+          // ignoreRunnable: true, since getting here always means that we've already
+          // moved on and the current runnable isn't the one that caused the problem.
+          spec.onLateError(
+            new Error(
+              'An asynchronous spec, beforeEach, or afterEach function called its ' +
+                "'done' callback more than once.\n(in spec: " +
+                spec.getFullName() +
+                ')'
+            )
+          );
+        },
+        onComplete: () => {
+          if (spec.result.status === 'failed') {
+            specOverallDone(new j$.StopExecutionError('spec failed'));
+          } else {
+            specOverallDone();
+          }
+        },
+        userContext: spec.userContext(),
+        runnableName: spec.getFullName.bind(spec)
+      });
+    }
+
+    #specQueueableFns(spec, onStart, resultCallback) {
+      const config = this.#getConfig();
+      const excluded = this.#executionTree.isExcluded(spec);
+      const ba = spec.beforeAndAfterFns();
+      let fns = [...ba.befores, spec.queueableFn, ...ba.afters];
+
+      if (spec.markedPending || excluded === true) {
+        fns = [];
+      }
+
+      const start = {
+        fn(done) {
+          spec.executionStarted();
+          onStart(done);
+        }
+      };
+
+      const complete = {
+        fn(done) {
+          spec.executionFinished(excluded, config.failSpecWithNoExpectations);
+          resultCallback(spec.result, done);
+        },
+        type: 'specCleanup'
+      };
+
+      fns.unshift(start);
+
+      if (config.detectLateRejectionHandling) {
+        // Conditional because the setTimeout imposes a significant performance
+        // penalty in suites with lots of fast specs.
+        const globalErrors = this.#globalErrors;
+        fns.push({
+          fn: done => {
+            // setTimeout is necessary to trigger rejectionhandled events
+            // TODO: let clearStack know about this so it doesn't do redundant setTimeouts
+            this.#setTimeout(function() {
+              globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections();
+              done();
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      fns.push(complete);
+      return fns;
     }
 
     #executeSuiteSegment(suite, segmentNumber, done) {
diff --git a/spec/core/RunnerSpec.js b/spec/core/RunnerSpec.js
index 33f9719e..1758ebaf 100644
--- a/spec/core/RunnerSpec.js
+++ b/spec/core/RunnerSpec.js
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('Integration with TreeProcessor', function() {
+  describe('Integration with TreeProcessor and TreeRunner', function() {
     let suiteNumber,
       specNumber,
       runQueue,
@@ -250,6 +250,8 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       // Reasonable defaults, may be overridden in some cases
       failSpecWithNoExpectations = false;
       detectLateRejectionHandling = false;
+
+      spyOn(jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype, '_executeSpec');
     });
 
     function StubSuite(attrs) {
@@ -280,6 +282,10 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       this.id = 'spec' + specNumber++;
       this.markedPending = attrs.markedPending || false;
       this.execute = jasmine.createSpy(this.id + '#execute');
+      this.beforeAndAfterFns = () => ({ befores: [], afters: [] });
+      this.userContext = () => ({});
+      this.getFullName = () => '';
+      this.queueableFn = () => {};
     }
 
     function makeRunner(topSuite) {
@@ -306,24 +312,41 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       });
     }
 
+    function arrayNotContaining(item) {
+      return {
+        asymmetricMatch(other, matchersUtil) {
+          if (!jasmine.isArray_(other)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          for (const x of other) {
+            if (matchersUtil.equals(x, item)) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+
+          return true;
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Precondition: jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec is a spy
     function verifyAndFinishSpec(spec, queueableFn, shouldBeExcluded) {
+      const ex = jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec;
+      ex.withArgs(spec, 'onComplete').and.callThrough();
+
       queueableFn.fn('onComplete');
-      expect(spec.execute).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        globalErrors,
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        'onComplete',
-        shouldBeExcluded,
-        failSpecWithNoExpectations,
-        detectLateRejectionHandling
+      expect(ex).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec, 'onComplete');
+
+      expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        jasmine.objectContaining({
+          isLeaf: true,
+          SkipPolicy: jasmineUnderTest.CompleteOnFirstErrorSkipPolicy,
+          queueableFns: shouldBeExcluded
+            ? arrayNotContaining(spec.queueableFn)
+            : jasmine.arrayContaining([spec.queueableFn])
+        })
       );
-      spec.execute.calls.mostRecent().args[0]({ for: spec.id, isLeaf: true });
-      expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        for: spec.id,
-        isLeaf: true,
-        SkipPolicy: jasmineUnderTest.CompleteOnFirstErrorSkipPolicy
-      });
     }
 
     it('runs a single spec', async function() {
@@ -467,16 +490,9 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       expect(queueableFns.length).toBe(2);
 
       queueableFns[1].fn('foo');
-      expect(spec.execute).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        globalErrors,
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        'foo',
-        false,
-        true,
-        detectLateRejectionHandling
-      );
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec, 'foo');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -568,14 +584,20 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       await Promise.resolve();
       expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       const queueableFns = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
-      queueableFns[0].fn();
+      queueableFns[0].fn('done');
 
-      expect(specs[0].execute).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(specs[1].execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(specs[0], jasmine.anything());
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(specs[1], 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[1].fn();
+      queueableFns[1].fn('done');
 
-      expect(specs[0].execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(specs[0], 'done');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -590,32 +612,20 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       await Promise.resolve();
       expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       const queueableFns = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
-      queueableFns[0].fn();
+      queueableFns[0].fn('done');
 
-      expect(nonSpecified.execute).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(specified.execute).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        globalErrors,
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        undefined,
-        false,
-        false,
-        detectLateRejectionHandling
-      );
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(nonSpecified, jasmine.anything());
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(specified, 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[1].fn();
+      queueableFns[1].fn('done');
 
-      expect(nonSpecified.execute).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        globalErrors,
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        jasmine.any(Function),
-        undefined,
-        true,
-        false,
-        detectLateRejectionHandling
-      );
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(nonSpecified, 'done');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -637,11 +647,15 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
 
       expect(specifiedSpec.execute).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
       const nodeQueueableFns = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
-      nodeQueueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(nonSpecifiedSpec.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      nodeQueueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(nonSpecifiedSpec, 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(specifiedSpec.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(specifiedSpec, 'done');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -660,17 +674,23 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       const queueableFns = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
       expect(queueableFns.length).toBe(2);
 
-      queueableFns[0].fn();
-      expect(spec1.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      queueableFns[0].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec1, 'done');
 
       queueableFns[1].fn();
       const childFns = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
       expect(childFns.length).toBe(3);
-      childFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec2.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      childFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec2, 'done');
 
-      childFns[2].fn();
-      expect(spec3.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      childFns[2].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec3, 'done');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -699,26 +719,36 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
 
       queueableFns[0].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns.length).toBe(2);
-      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec1.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec1, 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec4.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec4, 'done');
 
       queueableFns[2].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(3);
       expect(runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns.length).toBe(2);
-      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec2.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec2, 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[3].fn();
-      expect(spec5.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      queueableFns[3].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec5, 'done');
 
       queueableFns[4].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(4);
       expect(runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns.length).toBe(2);
-      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec3.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec3, 'done');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -754,11 +784,15 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(3);
 
-      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec1.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec1, 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec4.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec4, 'done');
 
       queueableFns[2].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(4);
@@ -767,11 +801,15 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(5);
 
-      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec2.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec2, 'done');
 
-      queueableFns[3].fn();
-      expect(spec5.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      queueableFns[3].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec5, 'done');
 
       queueableFns[4].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(6);
@@ -780,8 +818,10 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
       expect(runQueue.calls.count()).toBe(7);
 
-      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn();
-      expect(spec3.execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[1].fn('done');
+      expect(
+        jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(spec3, 'done');
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
     });
@@ -803,8 +843,10 @@ describe('Runner', function() {
       expect(queueableFns.length).toBe(11);
 
       for (let i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
-        queueableFns[i].fn();
-        expect(specs[i].execute).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        queueableFns[i].fn('done');
+        expect(
+          jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner.prototype._executeSpec
+        ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(specs[i], 'done');
       }
 
       await expectAsync(promise).toBePending();
diff --git a/spec/core/SpecSpec.js b/spec/core/SpecSpec.js
index c18b6993..d5a15487 100644
--- a/spec/core/SpecSpec.js
+++ b/spec/core/SpecSpec.js
@@ -33,170 +33,6 @@ describe('Spec', function() {
     expect(jasmineUnderTest.Spec.isPendingSpecException(void 0)).toBe(false);
   });
 
-  it('delegates execution to a QueueRunner', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        description: 'my test',
-        id: 'some-id',
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} }
-      });
-
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner);
-
-    expect(fakeQueueRunner).toHaveBeenCalled();
-  });
-
-  it('should call the start callback on execution', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner'),
-      startCallback = jasmine.createSpy('startCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        id: 123,
-        description: 'foo bar',
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} }
-      });
-
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, startCallback);
-
-    fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[0].fn();
-    expect(startCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
-  });
-
-  it('should call the start callback on execution but before any befores are called', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner');
-    let beforesWereCalled = false;
-    const startCallback = jasmine
-      .createSpy('start-callback')
-      .and.callFake(function() {
-        expect(beforesWereCalled).toBe(false);
-      });
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn: function() {} },
-      beforeFns: function() {
-        return [
-          function() {
-            beforesWereCalled = true;
-          }
-        ];
-      }
-    });
-
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, startCallback);
-
-    fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns[0].fn();
-    expect(startCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
-  });
-
-  it('provides all before fns and after fns to be run', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner'),
-      before = jasmine.createSpy('before'),
-      after = jasmine.createSpy('after'),
-      queueableFn = {
-        fn: jasmine.createSpy('test body').and.callFake(function() {
-          expect(before).toHaveBeenCalled();
-          expect(after).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        })
-      },
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: queueableFn,
-        beforeAndAfterFns: function() {
-          return { befores: [before], afters: [after] };
-        }
-      });
-
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, null);
-
-    const options = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
-    expect(options.queueableFns).toEqual([
-      { fn: jasmine.any(Function) },
-      before,
-      queueableFn,
-      after,
-      {
-        fn: jasmine.any(Function),
-        type: 'specCleanup'
-      }
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  describe('Late promise rejection handling', function() {
-    it('is enabled when the detectLateRejectionHandling param is true', function() {
-      const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner');
-      const globalErrors = jasmine.createSpyObj('globalErrors', [
-        'reportUnhandledRejections'
-      ]);
-      const setTimeout = jasmine.createSpy('setTimeout');
-      const before = jasmine.createSpy('before');
-      const after = jasmine.createSpy('after');
-      const queueableFn = {
-        fn: jasmine.createSpy('test body').and.callFake(function() {
-          expect(before).toHaveBeenCalled();
-          expect(after).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        })
-      };
-      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn,
-        setTimeout,
-        beforeAndAfterFns: function() {
-          return { befores: [before], afters: [after] };
-        }
-      });
-
-      spec.execute(
-        fakeQueueRunner,
-        globalErrors,
-        null,
-        null,
-        null,
-        false,
-        false,
-        true
-      );
-
-      const options = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
-      expect(options.queueableFns).toEqual([
-        { fn: jasmine.any(Function) },
-        before,
-        queueableFn,
-        after,
-        { fn: jasmine.any(Function) },
-        {
-          fn: jasmine.any(Function),
-          type: 'specCleanup'
-        }
-      ]);
-
-      const done = jasmine.createSpy('done');
-      options.queueableFns[4].fn(done);
-      expect(globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(done).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-      expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(jasmine.any(Function));
-      setTimeout.calls.argsFor(0)[0]();
-      expect(globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections).toHaveBeenCalledBefore(
-        done
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
-  it("tells the queue runner that it's a leaf node", function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} },
-        beforeAndAfterFns: function() {
-          return { befores: [], afters: [] };
-        }
-      });
-
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner);
-
-    expect(fakeQueueRunner).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      jasmine.objectContaining({
-        isLeaf: true
-      })
-    );
-  });
-
   it('is marked pending if created without a function body', function() {
     const startCallback = jasmine.createSpy('startCallback'),
       resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
@@ -209,234 +45,49 @@ describe('Spec', function() {
     expect(spec.status()).toBe('pending');
   });
 
-  it('can be excluded at execution time by a parent', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner'),
-      startCallback = jasmine.createSpy('startCallback'),
-      specBody = jasmine.createSpy('specBody'),
-      resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: specBody }
+  describe('#executionFinished', function() {
+    it('removes the fn if autoCleanClosures is true', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} },
+        autoCleanClosures: true
       });
 
-    spec.execute(
-      fakeQueueRunner,
-      null,
-      startCallback,
-      resultCallback,
-      'onComplete',
-      true
-    );
-
-    expect(fakeQueueRunner).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      jasmine.objectContaining({
-        onComplete: jasmine.any(Function),
-        queueableFns: [
-          { fn: jasmine.any(Function) },
-          {
-            fn: jasmine.any(Function),
-            type: 'specCleanup'
-          }
-        ]
-      })
-    );
-    expect(specBody).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-    const args = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
-    args.queueableFns[0].fn();
-    expect(startCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    args.queueableFns[args.queueableFns.length - 1].fn();
-    expect(resultCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-    expect(spec.result.status).toBe('excluded');
-  });
-
-  it('can be marked pending, but still calls callbacks when executed', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('fakeQueueRunner'),
-      startCallback = jasmine.createSpy('startCallback'),
-      resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        description: 'with a spec',
-        parentSuiteId: 'suite1',
-        filename: 'someSpecFile.js',
-        getPath: function() {
-          return ['a suite', 'with a spec'];
-        },
-        queueableFn: { fn: null }
-      });
-
-    spec.pend();
-
-    expect(spec.status()).toBe('pending');
-
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, startCallback, resultCallback);
-
-    expect(fakeQueueRunner).toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-    const args = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
-    args.queueableFns[0].fn();
-    expect(startCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    args.queueableFns[1].fn('things');
-    expect(resultCallback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      {
-        id: spec.id,
-        status: 'pending',
-        description: 'with a spec',
-        fullName: 'a suite with a spec',
-        parentSuiteId: 'suite1',
-        filename: 'someSpecFile.js',
-        failedExpectations: [],
-        passedExpectations: [],
-        deprecationWarnings: [],
-        pendingReason: '',
-        duration: jasmine.any(Number),
-        properties: null,
-        debugLogs: null
-      },
-      'things'
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('should call the done callback on execution complete', function() {
-    const done = jasmine.createSpy('done callback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} },
-        catchExceptions: function() {
-          return false;
-        }
-      });
-
-    spec.execute(
-      attrs => attrs.onComplete(),
-      null,
-      function() {},
-      function() {},
-      done
-    );
-
-    expect(done).toHaveBeenCalled();
-  });
-
-  it('should call the done callback with an error if the spec is failed', function() {
-    const done = jasmine.createSpy('done callback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} },
-        catchExceptions: function() {
-          return false;
-        }
-      });
-
-    function runQueue(attrs) {
-      spec.result.status = 'failed';
-      attrs.onComplete();
-    }
-    spec.execute(runQueue, null, function() {}, function() {}, done);
-
-    expect(done).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      jasmine.any(jasmineUnderTest.StopExecutionError)
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('should report the duration of the test', function() {
-    const timer = jasmine.createSpyObj('timer', {
-      start: null,
-      elapsed: 77000
-    });
-    const resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback');
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn: jasmine.createSpy('spec body') },
-      catchExceptions: function() {
-        return false;
-      },
-      timer: timer
+      spec.executionFinished();
+      expect(spec.queueableFn.fn).toBeFalsy();
     });
 
-    function runQueue(config) {
-      config.queueableFns.forEach(function(qf) {
-        qf.fn();
+    it('removes the fn after execution if autoCleanClosures is undefined', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} },
+        autoCleanClosures: undefined
       });
-      config.onComplete();
-    }
 
-    spec.execute(runQueue, null, function() {}, resultCallback, function() {});
-    expect(resultCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.argsFor(0)[0].duration).toEqual(77000);
-  });
-
-  it('removes the fn after execution if autoCleanClosures is true', function() {
-    const done = jasmine.createSpy('done callback');
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn() {} },
-      autoCleanClosures: true
+      spec.executionFinished();
+      expect(spec.queueableFn.fn).toBeFalsy();
     });
 
-    function runQueue(config) {
-      config.queueableFns.forEach(function(qf) {
-        qf.fn();
+    it('does not remove the fn after execution if autoCleanClosures is false', function() {
+      function originalFn() {}
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: originalFn },
+        autoCleanClosures: false
       });
-      config.onComplete();
-    }
 
-    spec.execute(runQueue, null, function() {}, function() {}, done);
-    expect(done).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(spec.queueableFn.fn).toBeFalsy();
-  });
-
-  it('removes the fn after execution if autoCleanClosures is undefined', function() {
-    const done = jasmine.createSpy('done callback');
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn() {} },
-      autoCleanClosures: undefined
+      spec.executionFinished();
+      expect(spec.queueableFn.fn).toBe(originalFn);
     });
-
-    function runQueue(config) {
-      config.queueableFns.forEach(function(qf) {
-        qf.fn();
-      });
-      config.onComplete();
-    }
-
-    spec.execute(runQueue, null, function() {}, function() {}, done);
-    expect(done).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(spec.queueableFn.fn).toBeFalsy();
   });
 
-  it('does not remove the fn after execution if autoCleanClosures is false', function() {
-    const done = jasmine.createSpy('done callback');
-    function originalFn() {}
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn: originalFn },
-      autoCleanClosures: false
+  describe('#setSpecProperty', function() {
+    it('adds the property to the result', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
+      });
+
+      spec.setSpecProperty('a', 4);
+
+      expect(spec.result.properties).toEqual({ a: 4 });
     });
-
-    function runQueue(config) {
-      config.queueableFns.forEach(function(qf) {
-        qf.fn();
-      });
-      config.onComplete();
-    }
-
-    spec.execute(runQueue, null, function() {}, function() {}, done);
-    expect(done).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(spec.queueableFn.fn).toBe(originalFn);
-  });
-
-  it('should report properties set during the test', function() {
-    const done = jasmine.createSpy('done callback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: jasmine.createSpy('spec body') },
-        catchExceptions: function() {
-          return false;
-        }
-      });
-    spec.setSpecProperty('a', 4);
-    spec.execute(
-      attrs => attrs.onComplete(),
-      null,
-      function() {},
-      function() {},
-      done
-    );
-    expect(spec.result.properties).toEqual({ a: 4 });
   });
 
   it('#status returns passing by default', function() {
@@ -446,69 +97,84 @@ describe('Spec', function() {
     expect(spec.status()).toBe('passed');
   });
 
-  it('#status returns passed if all expectations in the spec have passed', function() {
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn: jasmine.createSpy('spec body') }
-    });
-    spec.addExpectationResult(true, {});
-    expect(spec.status()).toBe('passed');
-  });
-
-  it('#status returns failed if any expectations in the spec have failed', function() {
-    const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-      queueableFn: { fn: jasmine.createSpy('spec body') }
-    });
-    spec.addExpectationResult(true, {});
-    spec.addExpectationResult(false, {});
-    expect(spec.status()).toBe('failed');
-  });
-
-  it('keeps track of passed and failed expectations', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('queueRunner'),
-      resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: jasmine.createSpy('spec body') }
+  describe('#status', function() {
+    it('returns "passed"" by default', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
       });
-    spec.addExpectationResult(true, { message: 'expectation1' });
-    spec.addExpectationResult(false, { message: 'expectation2' });
+      expect(spec.status()).toBe('passed');
+    });
 
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, function() {}, resultCallback);
-
-    const fns = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
-    fns[fns.length - 1].fn();
-
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.first().args[0].passedExpectations).toEqual([
-      jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'expectation1' })
-    ]);
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.first().args[0].failedExpectations).toEqual([
-      jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'expectation2' })
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it("throws an ExpectationFailed error upon receiving a failed expectation when 'throwOnExpectationFailure' is set", function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('queueRunner'),
-      resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} },
-        resultCallback: resultCallback,
-        throwOnExpectationFailure: true
+    it('returns "passed"" if all expectations passed', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
       });
 
-    spec.addExpectationResult(true, { message: 'passed' });
-    expect(function() {
-      spec.addExpectationResult(false, { message: 'failed' });
-    }).toThrowError(jasmineUnderTest.errors.ExpectationFailed);
+      spec.addExpectationResult(true, {});
 
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, function() {}, resultCallback);
+      expect(spec.status()).toBe('passed');
+    });
 
-    const fns = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0].queueableFns;
-    fns[fns.length - 1].fn();
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.first().args[0].passedExpectations).toEqual([
-      jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'passed' })
-    ]);
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.first().args[0].failedExpectations).toEqual([
-      jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'failed' })
-    ]);
+    it('returns "failed" if any expectation failed', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
+      });
+
+      spec.addExpectationResult(true, {});
+      spec.addExpectationResult(false, {});
+
+      expect(spec.status()).toBe('failed');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('#addExpectationResult', function() {
+    it('keeps track of passed and failed expectations', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
+      });
+
+      spec.addExpectationResult(true, { message: 'expectation1' });
+      spec.addExpectationResult(false, { message: 'expectation2' });
+
+      expect(spec.result.passedExpectations).toEqual([
+        jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'expectation1' })
+      ]);
+      expect(spec.result.failedExpectations).toEqual([
+        jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'expectation2' })
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    describe("when 'throwOnExpectationFailure' is set", function() {
+      it('throws an ExpectationFailed error', function() {
+        const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+          queueableFn: { fn: () => {} },
+          throwOnExpectationFailure: true
+        });
+
+        spec.addExpectationResult(true, { message: 'passed' });
+        expect(function() {
+          spec.addExpectationResult(false, { message: 'failed' });
+        }).toThrowError(jasmineUnderTest.errors.ExpectationFailed);
+
+        expect(spec.result.failedExpectations).toEqual([
+          jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'failed' })
+        ]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when 'throwOnExpectationFailure' is not set", function() {
+      it('does not throw', function() {
+        const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+          queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
+        });
+
+        spec.addExpectationResult(false, { message: 'failed' });
+
+        expect(spec.result.failedExpectations).toEqual([
+          jasmine.objectContaining({ message: 'failed' })
+        ]);
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   it('forwards late expectation failures to onLateError', function() {
@@ -639,123 +305,47 @@ describe('Spec', function() {
     expect(spec.metadata.getPath()).toEqual(['expected val']);
   });
 
-  describe('when a spec is marked pending during execution', function() {
-    it('should mark the spec as pending', function() {
-      const fakeQueueRunner = function(opts) {
-          opts.onException(
-            new Error(jasmineUnderTest.Spec.pendingSpecExceptionMessage)
-          );
-        },
-        spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-          description: 'my test',
-          id: 'some-id',
-          queueableFn: { fn: function() {} }
-        });
-
-      spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner);
-
-      expect(spec.status()).toEqual('pending');
-      expect(spec.result.pendingReason).toEqual('');
-    });
-
-    it('should set the pendingReason', function() {
-      const fakeQueueRunner = function(opts) {
-          opts.onException(
-            new Error(
-              jasmineUnderTest.Spec.pendingSpecExceptionMessage +
-                'custom message'
-            )
-          );
-        },
-        spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-          description: 'my test',
-          id: 'some-id',
-          queueableFn: { fn: function() {} }
-        });
-
-      spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner);
-
-      expect(spec.status()).toEqual('pending');
-      expect(spec.result.pendingReason).toEqual('custom message');
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('should log a failure when handling an exception', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('queueRunner'),
-      resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} }
+  describe('#handleException', function() {
+    it('records a failure', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: {}
       });
 
-    spec.handleException('foo');
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, function() {}, resultCallback);
+      spec.handleException('foo');
 
-    const args = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
-    args.queueableFns[args.queueableFns.length - 1].fn();
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.first().args[0].failedExpectations).toEqual([
-      {
-        message: 'foo thrown',
-        matcherName: '',
-        passed: false,
-        expected: '',
-        actual: '',
-        stack: null
-      }
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it('should not log an additional failure when handling an ExpectationFailed error', function() {
-    const fakeQueueRunner = jasmine.createSpy('queueRunner'),
-      resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} }
-      });
-
-    spec.handleException(new jasmineUnderTest.errors.ExpectationFailed());
-    spec.execute(fakeQueueRunner, null, function() {}, resultCallback);
-
-    const args = fakeQueueRunner.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
-    args.queueableFns[args.queueableFns.length - 1].fn();
-    expect(resultCallback.calls.first().args[0].failedExpectations).toEqual([]);
-  });
-
-  it('treats multiple done calls as late errors', function() {
-    const runQueue = jasmine.createSpy('runQueue'),
-      onLateError = jasmine.createSpy('onLateError'),
-      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-        onLateError: onLateError,
-        queueableFn: { fn: function() {} },
-        getPath: function() {
-          return ['a spec'];
+      expect(spec.result.failedExpectations).toEqual([
+        {
+          message: 'foo thrown',
+          matcherName: '',
+          passed: false,
+          expected: '',
+          actual: '',
+          stack: null
         }
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('does not record an additional failure when the error is ExpectationFailed', function() {
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: {}
       });
 
-    spec.execute(runQueue);
+      spec.handleException(new jasmineUnderTest.errors.ExpectationFailed());
 
-    expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    runQueue.calls.argsFor(0)[0].onMultipleDone();
-
-    expect(onLateError).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(onLateError.calls.argsFor(0)[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
-    expect(onLateError.calls.argsFor(0)[0].message).toEqual(
-      'An asynchronous spec, beforeEach, or afterEach function called its ' +
-        "'done' callback more than once.\n(in spec: a spec)"
-    );
+      expect(spec.result.failedExpectations).toEqual([]);
+    });
   });
 
-  describe('#trace', function() {
+  describe('#debugLog', function() {
     it('adds the messages to the result', function() {
-      const timer = jasmine.createSpyObj('timer', ['start', 'elapsed']),
-        spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-          queueableFn: {
-            fn: function() {}
-          },
-          timer: timer
-        }),
-        t1 = 123,
-        t2 = 456;
+      const timer = jasmine.createSpyObj('timer', ['start', 'elapsed']);
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: { fn: () => {} },
+        timer: timer
+      });
+      const t1 = 123;
+      const t2 = 456;
 
-      spec.execute(() => {});
       expect(spec.result.debugLogs).toBeNull();
       timer.elapsed.and.returnValue(t1);
       spec.debugLog('msg 1');
@@ -771,99 +361,36 @@ describe('Spec', function() {
     });
 
     describe('When the spec passes', function() {
-      it('omits the messages from the reported result', function() {
-        const resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-          spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-            queueableFn: {
-              fn: function() {}
-            }
-          });
+      it('removes the logs from the result', function() {
+        const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+          queueableFn: { fn: () => {} }
+        });
 
-        function runQueue(config) {
-          spec.debugLog('msg');
-          for (const fn of config.queueableFns) {
-            fn.fn();
-          }
-          config.onComplete(false);
-        }
+        spec.debugLog('msg');
+        spec.executionFinished();
 
-        spec.execute(
-          runQueue,
-          null,
-          function() {},
-          resultCallback,
-          function() {}
-        );
-        expect(resultCallback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          jasmine.objectContaining({ debugLogs: null }),
-          undefined
-        );
-      });
-
-      it('removes the messages to save memory', function() {
-        const resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-          spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-            queueableFn: {
-              fn: function() {}
-            }
-          });
-
-        function runQueue(config) {
-          spec.debugLog('msg');
-          for (const fn of config.queueableFns) {
-            fn.fn();
-          }
-          config.onComplete(false);
-        }
-
-        spec.execute(
-          runQueue,
-          null,
-          function() {},
-          resultCallback,
-          function() {}
-        );
-        expect(resultCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(spec.result.debugLogs).toBeNull();
       });
     });
 
     describe('When the spec fails', function() {
-      it('includes the messages in the reported result', function() {
-        const resultCallback = jasmine.createSpy('resultCallback'),
-          timer = jasmine.createSpyObj('timer', ['start', 'elapsed']),
-          spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
-            queueableFn: {
-              fn: function() {}
-            },
-            timer: timer
-          }),
-          timestamp = 12345;
+      it('includes the messages in the result', function() {
+        const timer = jasmine.createSpyObj('timer', ['start', 'elapsed']);
+        const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+          queueableFn: { fn: () => {} },
+          timer: timer
+        });
+        const timestamp = 12345;
 
         timer.elapsed.and.returnValue(timestamp);
 
-        function runQueue(config) {
-          spec.debugLog('msg');
-          spec.handleException(new Error('nope'));
-          for (const fn of config.queueableFns) {
-            fn.fn();
-          }
-          config.onComplete(true);
-        }
+        spec.debugLog('msg');
+        spec.handleException(new Error('nope'));
+        spec.executionFinished();
 
-        spec.execute(
-          runQueue,
-          null,
-          function() {},
-          resultCallback,
-          function() {}
-        );
-        expect(resultCallback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          jasmine.objectContaining({
-            debugLogs: [{ message: 'msg', timestamp: timestamp }]
-          }),
-          undefined
-        );
+        expect(spec.result.debugLogs).toEqual([
+          { message: 'msg', timestamp: timestamp }
+        ]);
       });
     });
   });
diff --git a/spec/core/TreeRunnerSpec.js b/spec/core/TreeRunnerSpec.js
index d9184845..c7b1f1b3 100644
--- a/spec/core/TreeRunnerSpec.js
+++ b/spec/core/TreeRunnerSpec.js
@@ -71,7 +71,131 @@ describe('TreeRunner', function() {
       await expectAsync(executePromise).toBePending();
     });
 
-    function runSingleSpecSuite(spec) {
+    it('runs before and after fns', function() {
+      const before = { fn: jasmine.createSpy('before') };
+      const after = { fn: jasmine.createSpy('after') };
+      const queueableFn = {
+        fn: jasmine.createSpy('test body').and.callFake(function() {
+          expect(before).toHaveBeenCalled();
+          expect(after).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        })
+      };
+      const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+        queueableFn: queueableFn,
+        beforeAndAfterFns: function() {
+          return { befores: [before], afters: [after] };
+        }
+      });
+
+      const { runQueue, suiteRunQueueArgs } = runSingleSpecSuite(spec);
+      suiteRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[0].fn();
+      expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const specRunQueueArgs = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
+
+      expect(specRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[1]).toEqual(before);
+      expect(specRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[2]).toEqual(queueableFn);
+      expect(specRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[3]).toEqual(after);
+    });
+
+    it('marks specs pending at runtime', function() {
+      let spec;
+      const queueableFn = {
+        fn() {
+          spec.pend();
+        }
+      };
+      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({ queueableFn });
+
+      const { runQueue, suiteRunQueueArgs } = runSingleSpecSuite(spec);
+      suiteRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[0].fn();
+      expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const specRunQueueArgs = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
+
+      expect(specRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[1]).toEqual(queueableFn);
+      queueableFn.fn();
+
+      expect(spec.status()).toEqual('pending');
+      expect(spec.getResult().status).toEqual('pending');
+      expect(spec.getResult().pendingReason).toEqual('');
+    });
+
+    it('marks specs pending at runtime with a message', function() {
+      let spec;
+      const queueableFn = {
+        fn() {
+          spec.pend('some reason');
+        }
+      };
+      spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({ queueableFn });
+
+      const { runQueue, suiteRunQueueArgs } = runSingleSpecSuite(spec);
+      suiteRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[0].fn();
+      expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const specRunQueueArgs = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
+
+      expect(specRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[1]).toEqual(queueableFn);
+      queueableFn.fn();
+
+      expect(spec.status()).toEqual('pending');
+      expect(spec.getResult().status).toEqual('pending');
+      expect(spec.getResult().pendingReason).toEqual('some reason');
+    });
+
+    describe('Late promise rejection handling', function() {
+      it('is enabled when the detectLateRejectionHandling param is true', function() {
+        const before = jasmine.createSpy('before');
+        const after = jasmine.createSpy('after');
+        const queueableFn = {
+          fn: jasmine.createSpy('test body').and.callFake(function() {
+            expect(before).toHaveBeenCalled();
+            expect(after).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+          })
+        };
+        const spec = new jasmineUnderTest.Spec({
+          queueableFn,
+          beforeAndAfterFns: function() {
+            return { befores: [before], afters: [after] };
+          }
+        });
+
+        const {
+          runQueue,
+          setTimeout,
+          suiteRunQueueArgs,
+          globalErrors
+        } = runSingleSpecSuite(spec, { detectLateRejectionHandling: true });
+
+        suiteRunQueueArgs.queueableFns[0].fn();
+        expect(runQueue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        const specRunQueueOpts = runQueue.calls.mostRecent().args[0];
+
+        expect(specRunQueueOpts.queueableFns).toEqual([
+          { fn: jasmine.any(Function) },
+          before,
+          queueableFn,
+          after,
+          { fn: jasmine.any(Function) },
+          {
+            fn: jasmine.any(Function),
+            type: 'specCleanup'
+          }
+        ]);
+
+        const done = jasmine.createSpy('done');
+        specRunQueueOpts.queueableFns[4].fn(done);
+        expect(globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(done).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+        expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(jasmine.any(Function));
+        setTimeout.calls.argsFor(0)[0]();
+        expect(globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections).toHaveBeenCalledBefore(
+          done
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    function runSingleSpecSuite(spec, optionalConfig) {
       const topSuiteId = 'suite1';
       spec.parentSuiteId = topSuiteId;
       const topSuite = new jasmineUnderTest.Suite({ id: topSuiteId });
@@ -88,15 +212,19 @@ describe('TreeRunner', function() {
       const runQueue = jasmine.createSpy('runQueue');
       const reportDispatcher = mockReportDispatcher();
       const runableResources = mockRunableResources();
+      const globalErrors = mockGlobalErrors();
+      const setTimeout = jasmine.createSpy('setTimeout');
       const currentRunableTracker = new jasmineUnderTest.CurrentRunableTracker();
       const subject = new jasmineUnderTest.TreeRunner({
         executionTree,
         runQueue,
+        globalErrors,
+        setTimeout,
         runableResources,
         reportDispatcher,
         currentRunableTracker,
         getConfig() {
-          return {};
+          return optionalConfig || {};
         },
         reportChildrenOfBeforeAllFailure() {}
       });
@@ -108,6 +236,8 @@ describe('TreeRunner', function() {
 
       return {
         runQueue,
+        globalErrors,
+        setTimeout,
         currentRunableTracker,
         runableResources,
         reportDispatcher,
@@ -136,4 +266,8 @@ describe('TreeRunner', function() {
       'clearForRunable'
     ]);
   }
+
+  function mockGlobalErrors() {
+    return jasmine.createSpyObj('globalErrors', ['reportUnhandledRejections']);
+  }
 });
diff --git a/src/core/Spec.js b/src/core/Spec.js
index 223b561f..3af546de 100644
--- a/src/core/Spec.js
+++ b/src/core/Spec.js
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().Spec = function(j$) {
   function Spec(attrs) {
     this.expectationFactory = attrs.expectationFactory;
     this.asyncExpectationFactory = attrs.asyncExpectationFactory;
-    this.setTimeout = attrs.setTimeout;
     this.id = attrs.id;
     this.filename = attrs.filename;
     this.parentSuiteId = attrs.parentSuiteId;
@@ -86,87 +85,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().Spec = function(j$) {
     }
   };
 
-  Spec.prototype.execute = function(
-    runQueue,
-    globalErrors,
-    onStart,
-    // TODO: may be able to merge resultCallback into onComplete
-    resultCallback,
-    onComplete,
-    excluded,
-    failSpecWithNoExp,
-    detectLateRejectionHandling
-  ) {
-    const start = {
-      fn: done => {
-        this.executionStarted();
-        onStart(done);
-      }
-    };
-
-    const complete = {
-      fn: done => {
-        this.executionFinished(excluded, failSpecWithNoExp);
-        resultCallback(this.result, done);
-      },
-      type: 'specCleanup'
-    };
-
-    const fns = this.beforeAndAfterFns();
-
-    const runnerConfig = {
-      isLeaf: true,
-      queueableFns: [...fns.befores, this.queueableFn, ...fns.afters],
-      onException: e => this.handleException(e),
-      onMultipleDone: () => {
-        // Issue a deprecation. Include the context ourselves and pass
-        // ignoreRunnable: true, since getting here always means that we've already
-        // moved on and the current runnable isn't the one that caused the problem.
-        this.onLateError(
-          new Error(
-            'An asynchronous spec, beforeEach, or afterEach function called its ' +
-              "'done' callback more than once.\n(in spec: " +
-              this.getFullName() +
-              ')'
-          )
-        );
-      },
-      onComplete: () => {
-        if (this.result.status === 'failed') {
-          onComplete(new j$.StopExecutionError('spec failed'));
-        } else {
-          onComplete();
-        }
-      },
-      userContext: this.userContext(),
-      runnableName: this.getFullName.bind(this)
-    };
-
-    if (this.markedPending || excluded === true) {
-      runnerConfig.queueableFns = [];
-    }
-
-    runnerConfig.queueableFns.unshift(start);
-
-    if (detectLateRejectionHandling) {
-      // Conditional because the setTimeout imposes a significant performance
-      // penalty in suites with lots of fast specs.
-      runnerConfig.queueableFns.push({
-        fn: done => {
-          // setTimeout is necessary to trigger rejectionhandled events
-          // TODO: let clearStack know about this so it doesn't do redundant setTimeouts
-          this.setTimeout(function() {
-            globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections();
-            done();
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
-    runnerConfig.queueableFns.push(complete);
-
-    runQueue(runnerConfig);
-  };
-
   Spec.prototype.reset = function() {
     /**
      * @typedef SpecResult
@@ -255,6 +173,8 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().Spec = function(j$) {
     this.pend(message);
   };
 
+  // TODO: ensure that all access to result goes through .getResult()
+  // so that the status is correct.
   Spec.prototype.getResult = function() {
     this.result.status = this.status();
     return this.result;
diff --git a/src/core/SuiteBuilder.js b/src/core/SuiteBuilder.js
index affa9693..76b45b3d 100644
--- a/src/core/SuiteBuilder.js
+++ b/src/core/SuiteBuilder.js
@@ -237,7 +237,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().SuiteBuilder = function(j$) {
       const config = this.env_.configuration();
       const suite = this.currentDeclarationSuite_;
       const parentSuiteId = suite === this.topSuite ? null : suite.id;
-      const global = j$.getGlobal();
       const spec = new j$.Spec({
         id: 'spec' + this.nextSpecId_++,
         filename,
@@ -245,7 +244,6 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().SuiteBuilder = function(j$) {
         beforeAndAfterFns: beforeAndAfterFns(suite),
         expectationFactory: this.expectationFactory_,
         asyncExpectationFactory: this.specAsyncExpectationFactory_,
-        setTimeout: global.setTimeout.bind(global),
         onLateError: this.onLateError_,
         getPath: spec => this.getSpecPath_(spec, suite),
         description: description,
diff --git a/src/core/TreeRunner.js b/src/core/TreeRunner.js
index d65b4fec..2ec24182 100644
--- a/src/core/TreeRunner.js
+++ b/src/core/TreeRunner.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 getJasmineRequireObj().TreeRunner = function(j$) {
   class TreeRunner {
     #executionTree;
+    #setTimeout;
     #globalErrors;
     #runableResources;
     #reportDispatcher;
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().TreeRunner = function(j$) {
     constructor(attrs) {
       this.#executionTree = attrs.executionTree;
       this.#globalErrors = attrs.globalErrors;
+      this.#setTimeout = attrs.setTimeout || setTimeout.bind(globalThis);
       this.#runableResources = attrs.runableResources;
       this.#reportDispatcher = attrs.reportDispatcher;
       this.#runQueue = attrs.runQueue;
@@ -57,31 +59,103 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().TreeRunner = function(j$) {
             if (node.suite) {
               this.#executeSuiteSegment(node.suite, node.segmentNumber, done);
             } else {
-              this.#executeSpec(node.spec, done);
+              this._executeSpec(node.spec, done);
             }
           }
         };
       });
     }
 
-    #executeSpec(spec, done) {
-      const config = this.#getConfig();
-      spec.execute(
-        this.#runQueueWithSkipPolicy.bind(this),
-        this.#globalErrors,
-        next => {
-          this.#currentRunableTracker.setCurrentSpec(spec);
-          this.#runableResources.initForRunable(spec.id, spec.parentSuiteId);
-          this.#reportDispatcher.specStarted(spec.result).then(next);
-        },
-        (result, next) => {
-          this.#specComplete(spec).then(next);
-        },
-        done,
-        this.#executionTree.isExcluded(spec),
-        config.failSpecWithNoExpectations,
-        config.detectLateRejectionHandling
+    // Only exposed for testing.
+    _executeSpec(spec, specOverallDone) {
+      const onStart = next => {
+        this.#currentRunableTracker.setCurrentSpec(spec);
+        this.#runableResources.initForRunable(spec.id, spec.parentSuiteId);
+        this.#reportDispatcher.specStarted(spec.result).then(next);
+      };
+      const resultCallback = (result, next) => {
+        this.#specComplete(spec).then(next);
+      };
+      const queueableFns = this.#specQueueableFns(
+        spec,
+        onStart,
+        resultCallback
       );
+
+      this.#runQueueWithSkipPolicy({
+        isLeaf: true,
+        queueableFns,
+        onException: e => spec.handleException(e),
+        onMultipleDone: () => {
+          // Issue an erorr. Include the context ourselves and pass
+          // ignoreRunnable: true, since getting here always means that we've already
+          // moved on and the current runnable isn't the one that caused the problem.
+          spec.onLateError(
+            new Error(
+              'An asynchronous spec, beforeEach, or afterEach function called its ' +
+                "'done' callback more than once.\n(in spec: " +
+                spec.getFullName() +
+                ')'
+            )
+          );
+        },
+        onComplete: () => {
+          if (spec.result.status === 'failed') {
+            specOverallDone(new j$.StopExecutionError('spec failed'));
+          } else {
+            specOverallDone();
+          }
+        },
+        userContext: spec.userContext(),
+        runnableName: spec.getFullName.bind(spec)
+      });
+    }
+
+    #specQueueableFns(spec, onStart, resultCallback) {
+      const config = this.#getConfig();
+      const excluded = this.#executionTree.isExcluded(spec);
+      const ba = spec.beforeAndAfterFns();
+      let fns = [...ba.befores, spec.queueableFn, ...ba.afters];
+
+      if (spec.markedPending || excluded === true) {
+        fns = [];
+      }
+
+      const start = {
+        fn(done) {
+          spec.executionStarted();
+          onStart(done);
+        }
+      };
+
+      const complete = {
+        fn(done) {
+          spec.executionFinished(excluded, config.failSpecWithNoExpectations);
+          resultCallback(spec.result, done);
+        },
+        type: 'specCleanup'
+      };
+
+      fns.unshift(start);
+
+      if (config.detectLateRejectionHandling) {
+        // Conditional because the setTimeout imposes a significant performance
+        // penalty in suites with lots of fast specs.
+        const globalErrors = this.#globalErrors;
+        fns.push({
+          fn: done => {
+            // setTimeout is necessary to trigger rejectionhandled events
+            // TODO: let clearStack know about this so it doesn't do redundant setTimeouts
+            this.#setTimeout(function() {
+              globalErrors.reportUnhandledRejections();
+              done();
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      fns.push(complete);
+      return fns;
     }
 
     #executeSuiteSegment(suite, segmentNumber, done) {